As with other bryophytes, the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum is sensitive to excessive nutrients or pollutantsas it lacks the protection of a cuticle and stomata that can close and prevent the uptake of pollutants. Following recent reports of vegetation (the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum) deterioration around geothermal power plants in South Iceland, this study was initiated. The main potentially phytotoxic substances of concern released by geothermal power plants are investigated in the Racomitrium moss heath around Hellisheiði and Nesjavellir geothermal power plants. This paper reports the concentration of Sulfur (S), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Boron (B) and Antimony (Sb) in Racomitrium lanuginosum shoots and variations are explained as a function of power plant, wind direction, distance (metres), damage categories and moss section analysed. This study is expected to evaluate phyto-toxic impacts of geothermal emissions and input to emission abatement strategies. This will further advice policy makers toward sustainable geothermal development.