Determination of bioactive properties of extracts from Icelandic edible brown seaweed Saccharina latissima.
Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) is a brown seaweed resides in the North Atlantic. This edible seaweed is characterized by high content of carbohydrates and polyphenols that are recognized as bioactive. The aim of this study was analyze of properties of three extracts from the sugar kelp. Total carbohydrate content and total polyphenol ontent (TPC) was detirmined. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay was performed and bioactivity was analyzed using PMA differentiated THP-1 cells. The physicochemical properties properties of derived extracts are dependent on temperature and polarity of extraction solvents. Tested extracts varied in carbohydrate, polyphenol and ORAC values. The hot water (HW) extraction provided a extract which was most rich in carbohydrates and polyphenols and therefore presenting the highest ORAC values among tested extracts. Cytotoxicity assessment confirmed HW and ethanolic extracts safety at lower concentrations (0 – 100 µg/ml). THP-1 treated with extracts expressed elevated levels of TNF-α when applied in high concentrations. IL – 6 was not expressed on detectable levels at any of the concentrations of neither of extracts. IL – 10 was expressed for very high concentrations of HW extract (500 and 1000 µg/ml). Hot water (HW) and ethanolic extracts from sugar kelp are nutrient rich bioactive and bioavailable extracts and may be potentially beneficial.